Burdock

Last Editorial Review: 6/11/2021
Other Name(s):

Arctium, Arctium lappa, Arctium minus, Arctium tomentosum, Bardana, Bardana-minor, Bardanae Radix, Bardane, Bardane Comestible, Bardane Géante, Bardane Majeure, Beggar's Buttons, Burdock Root Extract, Burr Seed, Clotbur, Cocklebur, Cockle Buttons, Edible Burdock, Fox's Clote, Gobo, Glouteron, Grande Bardane, Great Bur, Great Burdocks, Happy Major, Hardock, Harebur, Herbe aux Teigneux, Herbe du Teigneux, Lappa, Love Leaves, Niu Bang Zi, Orelha-de-gigante, Personata, Philanthropium, Rhubarbe du Diable, Thorny Burr.

Overview

Burdock is a plant. The root is sometimes used as food. The root, leaf, and seed are used to make medicine.

People take burdock to increase urine flow, kill germs, reduce fever, and “purify” their blood. It is also used to treat colds, cancer, anorexia nervosa, gastrointestinal (GI) complaints, joint pain (rheumatism), gout, bladder infections, complications of syphilis, and skin conditions including acne and psoriasis. Burdock is also used for high blood pressure, “hardening of the arteries” (arteriosclerosis), and liver disease. Some people use burdock to increase sex drive.

Burdock is applied to the skin for dry skin (ichthyosis), acne, psoriasis, and eczema.

Burdock has been associated with poisonings because some products have been contaminated with root of belladonna or deadly nightshade. These herbs contain a poisonous chemical called atropine.

How does it work?

Burdock contains chemicals that might have activity against bacteria and inflammation.

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See Answer

Uses & Effectiveness

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Breast cancer. Early research suggest that using a specific product containing burdock root, sheep sorrel, slippery elm bark, and rhubarb (Essiac, Resperin Canada Limited) does not improve quality of life in people with breast cancer.
  • Diabetes. Early research suggests that eating batter prepared from dried burdock root together with butter, water, salt, artificial sweetener, and ginger extract prevents a spike in blood sugar after eating in people with diabetes.
  • Fluid retention.
  • Fever.
  • Anorexia.
  • Stomach conditions.
  • Gout.
  • Acne.
  • Severely dry skin.
  • Psoriasis.
  • Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of burdock for these uses.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

Side Effects

Burdock is safely used as a food in Asiais LIKELY SAFE when consumed in amounts commonly found in foods. There's is not enough information to know if burdock is safe when taken in medicinal doses.

Burdock may cause an allergic reaction in people sensitive to certain flowers and herbs. When applied to the skin, it can cause a rash.

SLIDESHOW

Vitamin D Deficiency: How Much Vitamin D Is Enough? See Slideshow

Special Precautions & Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking burdock if you are pregnant or breast feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Bleeding disorders: Burdock might slow blood clotting. Taking burdock might increase the risk of bleeding in people with bleeding disorders.

Allergy to ragweed and related plants: Burdock may cause an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae family. Members of this family include ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, and many others. If you have allergies, be sure to check with your healthcare provider before taking burdock.

Diabetes: Some evidence suggests that taking burdock might lower blood sugar levels. Taking burdock might lower blood sugar levels too much in people with diabetes who are already taking medications to lower blood sugar.

Surgery: Burdock might increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. Stop taking it at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions


Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

Burdock might decrease blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking burdock along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to go too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.

Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.


Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

Burdock might slow blood clotting. Taking burdock along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding.

Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Dosing

The appropriate dose of burdock for use as treatment depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for burdock. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

FDA Logo

Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

References

Bever BO and Zahnd GR. Plants with oral hypoglycaemic action. Quart J Crude Drug Res 1979;17:139-196.

Breed, F. B. and Kuwabara, T. Burdock ophthalmia. Arch Ophthalmol 1966;75(1):16-20. View abstract.

Bryson, P. D., Watanabe, A. S., Rumack, B. H., and Murphy, R. C. Burdock root tea poisoning. Case report involving a commercial preparation. JAMA 5-19-1978;239(20):2157. View abstract.

Chan, Y. S., Cheng, L. N., Wu, J. H., Chan, E., Kwan, Y. W., Lee, S. M., Leung, G. P., Yu, P. H., and Chan, S. W. A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology. 2011;19(5):245-254. View abstract.

Dombradi, C. A. and Foldeak, S. Screening report on the antitumor activity of purified Arctium Lappa extracts. Tumori 1966;52(3):173-175. View abstract.

Fan, H., De-Qiang, D., Yu, S., Lin, Z., Hong-Bin, X., and Ting-Guo, K. Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of arctiin and its main metabolite in rats by HPLC-UV and LC-MS. Planta Med 2012;78(8):800-806. View abstract.

Farnsworth NR and Segelman AB. Hypoglycemic plants. Tile Till 1971;57:52-56.

GANDOLFO, N. and ACCASCINA, G. [Atropine poisoning by ingestion of decoction of burdock roots.]. Ann.Ist.Super.Sanita 1953;16(10-11-12):844-851. View abstract.

Goodwin, R. A., Jr. Burdock ophthalmia. J.Maine.Med.Assoc. 1968;59(3):53-54. View abstract.

Grases, F., Melero, G., Costa-Bauza, A., Prieto, R., and March, J. G. Urolithiasis and phytotherapy. Int Urol Nephrol 1994;26(5):507-511. View abstract.

HAVENER, W. H., FALLS, H. F., and McREYNOLDS, W. U. Burdock bur ophthalmia. AMA.Arch.Ophthalmol. 1955;53(2):260-263. View abstract.

Hirono, I., Mori, H., Kato, K., Ushimaru, Y., Kato, T., and Haga, M. Safety examination of some edible plants, Part 2. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1978;1(1):71-74. View abstract.

Ichihara A. New sesquilignans from Arctium lappa L. The structure of lappaol C, D and E. Agric Biol Chem 1977;41:1813-1814.

Kassler, W. J., Blanc, P., and Greenblatt, R. The use of medicinal herbs by human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Arch Intern Med 1991;151(11):2281-2288. View abstract.

Kato, Y. and Watanabe, T. Isolation and characterization of a xyloglucan from gobo (Arctium lappa L.). Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem 1993;57(9):1591-1592. View abstract.

Knott, A., Reuschlein, K., Mielke, H., Wensorra, U., Mummert, C., Koop, U., Kausch, M., Kolbe, L., Peters, N., Stab, F., Wenck, H., and Gallinat, S. Natural Arctium lappa fruit extract improves the clinical signs of aging skin. J Cosmet.Dermatol. 2008;7(4):281-289. View abstract.

Lapinina L and Sisoeva T. Investigation of some plants to determine their sugar lowering action. Farmatsevtichnyi Zhurnal 1964;19:52-58.

Lin, S. C., Chung, T. C., Lin, C. C., Ueng, T. H., Lin, Y. H., Lin, S. Y., and Wang, L. Y. Hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa on carbon tetrachloride- and acetaminophen-induced liver damage. Am J Chin Med 2000;28(2):163-173. View abstract.

Morita K. Chemical nature of a desmutagenic factor isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa Linne). Agric Biol Chem 1985;49:925-932.

Morita, K., Kada, T., and Namiki, M. A desmutagenic factor isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa Linne). Mutat.Res 1984;129(1):25-31. View abstract.

Nose, M., Fujimoto, T., Nishibe, S., and Ogihara, Y. Structural transformation of lignan compounds in rat gastrointestinal tract; II. Serum concentration of lignans and their metabolites. Planta Med 1993;59(2):131-134. View abstract.

Sato, A. [Studies on anti-tumor activity of crude drugs. I. The effects of aqueous extracts of some crude drugs in shortterm screening test. (1)]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1989;109(6):407-423. View abstract.

Schulte, K. E., Rucker, G., and Boehme, R. [Polyacetylenes as components of the roots of bur]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1967;17(7):829-833. View abstract.

Silver AA and Krantz JC. The effect of the ingestion of burdock root on normal and diabetic individuals: A preliminary report. Ann Int Med 1931;5:274-284.

Swanston-Flatt, S. K., Day, C., Flatt, P. R., Gould, B. J., and Bailey, C. J. Glycaemic effects of traditional European plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetes Res 1989;10(2):69-73. View abstract.

Thiverge, G. Granular stomatitis in dogs due to Burdock. Can.Vet.J. 1973;14(4):96-97. View abstract.

Wang, H. Y. and Yang, J. S. [Studies on the chemical constituents of Arctium lappa L]. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao.[Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica] 1993;28(12):911-917. View abstract.

Wang, W., Pan, Q., Han, X. Y., Wang, J., Tan, R. Q., He, F., Dou, D. Q., and Kang, T. G. Simultaneous determination of arctiin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces by HPLC. Fitoterapia 2-1-2013;86C:6-12. View abstract.

Warner, T. F. and Azen, E. A. Tannins, salivary proline-rich proteins and oesophageal cancer. Med Hypotheses 1988;26(2):99-102. View abstract.

Washino T. New sulfur-containing acetylenic compounds from Arctium lappa. Agric Biol Chem 1986;50(263):269.

Yang L, Lin S, Yang T, and et al. Synthesis of anti-HIV activity of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans. Bioorganic Medicinal Chem Lett 1996;6:941-944.

Yao, X. J., Wainberg, M. A., and Parniak, M. A. Mechanism of inhibition of HIV-1 infection in vitro by purified extract of Prunella vulgaris. Virology 1992;187(1):56-62. View abstract.

Fletcher GFCantwell JD. Burdock root tea poisoning. JAMA 1978 Oct 6;240(15):1586.

View abstract.

Hirose M, Yamaguchi T, Lin C, et al. Effects of arctiin on PhIP-induced mammary, colon and pancreatic carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats and MeIQx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Cancer Lett 2000;155:79-88. View abstract.

Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, et al. Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002;97:1027-31. View abstract.

Iwakami S, Wu JB, Ebizuka Y, Sankawa U. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists contained in medicinal plants: lignans and sesquiterpenes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992;40:1196-8. View abstract.

Kardosova A, Ebringerova A, Alfoldi J, et al. A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules. Int J Biol Macromol 2003;33:135-40. View abstract.

Lin CC, Lu JM, Yang JJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory and radical scavenge effects of Arctium lappa. Am J Chin Med 1996;24:127-37. View abstract.

Lin SC, Lin CH, Lin CC, et al. Hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa Linne on liver injuries induced by chronic ethanol consumption and potentiated by carbon tetrachloride. J Biomed Sci 2002;9:401-9. View abstract.

Rhoads PM, Tong TG, Banner W Jr, Anderson R. Anticholinergic poisonings associated with commercial burdock root tea. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1984-85;22:581-4. View abstract.

Rodriguez P, Blanco J, Juste S, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis due to burdock (Arctium lappa). Contact Dermatitis 1995;33:134-5. View abstract.

Sasaki Y, Kimura Y, Tsunoda T, Tagami H. Anaphylaxis due to burdock. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:472-3. View abstract.

Xie LH, Ahn EM, Akao T, et al. Transformation of arctiin to estrogenic and antiestrogenic substances by human intestinal bacteria. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003;51:378-84. View abstract.

Zick, S. M., Sen, A., Feng, Y., Green, J., Olatunde, S., and Boon, H. Trial of Essiac to ascertain its effect in women with breast cancer (TEA-BC). J Altern Complement Med 2006;12(10):971-980. View abstract.