Bael

Last Editorial Review: 6/11/2021
Other Name(s):

Aegle marmelos, Arbre de Bael, Bael Tree, Bel, Bel Indien, Bengal Quince, Bilva, Bilwa, Cognassier du Bengale, Coing du Bengale, Indian Bael, Manzana de Piedra, Membrillo de Bengala, Pomme du Bengale, Shivaphala, Stone Apple.

Overview

Bael is a plant. The unripe fruit, root, leaf, and branch are used to make medicine.

People use bael for constipation and diarrhea.

How does it work?

Bael contains chemicals called tannins, which help treat diarrhea by reducing swelling (inflammation).

QUESTION

Next to red peppers, you can get the most vitamin C from ________________. See Answer

Uses & Effectiveness

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Diarrhea. Early research suggests that taking dried bael fruit powder for 3 days does not reduce the number of stools in people with diarrhea caused by an infection called shigellosis.
  • Constipation.
  • Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of bael for these uses.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

Side Effects

There isn't enough information to know if bael is safe. Large amounts may cause stomach upset and constipation.

SLIDESHOW

Vitamin D Deficiency: How Much Vitamin D Is Enough? See Slideshow

Special Precautions & Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking bael if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Diabetes: Bael might lower blood sugar levels. If you have diabetes and take medications to lower your blood sugar, adding bael might make your blood sugar drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar carefully.

Surgery: There is a concern that bael might interfere with blood sugar control during and after surgery. Stop using bael at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions


Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

Bael might decrease blood sugar levels. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking bael along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.

Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.

Dosing

The appropriate dose of bael depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for bael. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

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References

Lambertini, E., Lampronti, I., Penolazzi, L., Khan, M. T., Ather, A., Giorgi, G., Gambari, R., and Piva, R. Expression of estrogen receptor alpha gene in breast cancer cells treated with transcription factor decoy is modulated by Bangladeshi natural plant extracts. Oncol.Res. 2005;15(2):69-79. View abstract.

Ali, M. S. and Pervez, M. K. Marmenol: a 7-geranyloxycoumarin from the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. Nat Prod Res 2004;18(2):141-146. View abstract.

Anandharajan, R., Jaiganesh, S., Shankernarayanan, N. P., Viswakarma, R. A., and Balakrishnan, A. In vitro glucose uptake activity of Aegles marmelos and Syzygium cumini by activation of Glut-4, PI3 kinase and PPARgamma in L6 myotubes. Phytomedicine 2006;13(6):434-441. View abstract.

Arul, V., Miyazaki, S., and Dhananjayan, R. Mechanisms of the contractile effect of the alcoholic extract of Aegle marmelos Corr. on isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain. Phytomedicine 2004;11(7-8):679-683. View abstract.

Arul, V., Miyazaki, S., and Dhananjayan, R. Studies on the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. J Ethnopharmacol 1-4-2005;96(1-2):159-163. View abstract.

Badam, L., Bedekar, S. S., Sonawane, K. B., and Joshi, S. P. In vitro antiviral activity of bael (Aegle marmelos Corr) upon human coxsackieviruses B1-B6. J.Commun.Dis. 2002;34(2):88-99. View abstract.

Costa-Lotufo, L. V., Khan, M. T., Ather, A., Wilke, D. V., Jimenez, P. C., Pessoa, C., de Moraes, M. E., and de Moraes, M. O. Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 5-13-2005;99(1):21-30. View abstract.

Goel, R. K., Maiti, R. N., Manickam, M., and Ray, A. B. Antiulcer activity of naturally occurring pyrano-coumarin and isocoumarins and their effect on prostanoid synthesis using human colonic mucosa. Indian J Exp Biol 1997;35(10):1080-1083. View abstract.

Haider, R., Khan, A. K., Aziz, K. M., Chowdhury, A., and Kabir, I. Evaluation of indigenous plants in the treatment of acute shigellosis. Trop.Geogr.Med 1991;43(3):266-270. View abstract.

Jagetia, G. C., Venkatesh, P., and Baliga, M. S. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa inhibits the proliferation of transplanted Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2005;28(1):58-64. View abstract.

Jagetia, G. C., Venkatesh, P., and Baliga, M. S. Evaluation of the radioprotective effect of bael leaf (Aegle marmelos) extract in mice. Int J Radiat.Biol 2004;80(4):281-290. View abstract.

Jagetia, G. C., Venkatesh, P., and Baliga, M. S. Fruit extract of Aegle marmelos protects mice against radiation-induced lethality. Integr.Cancer Ther 2004;3(4):323-332. View abstract.

Kakiuchi, N., Senaratne, L. R., Huang, S. L., Yang, X. W., Hattori, M., Pilapitiya, U., and Namba, T. Effects of constituents of Beli (Aegle marmelos) on spontaneous beating and calcium-paradox of myocardial cells. Planta Med 1991;57(1):43-46. View abstract.

Kamalakkannan, N. and Prince, P. S. Hypoglycaemic effect of water extracts of Aegle marmelos fruits in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;87(2-3):207-210. View abstract.

Kamalakkannan, N. and Prince, P. S. The effect of Aegle marmelos fruit extract in streptozotocin diabetes: a histopathological study. J Herb Pharmacother. 2005;5(3):87-96. View abstract.

Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay NG. Comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;84:105-8. View abstract.

Kesari, A. N., Gupta, R. K., Singh, S. K., Diwakar, S., and Watal, G. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of Aegle marmelos seed extract in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 10-11-2006;107(3):374-379. View abstract.

Lampronti, I., Martello, D., Bianchi, N., Borgatti, M., Lambertini, E., Piva, R., Jabbar, S., Choudhuri, M. S., Khan, M. T., and Gambari, R. In vitro antiproliferative effects on human tumor cell lines of extracts from the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Aegle marmelos Correa. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(4):300-308. View abstract.

Narender, T., Shweta, S., Tiwari, P., Papi, Reddy K., Khaliq, T., Prathipati, P., Puri, A., Srivastava, A. K., Chander, R., Agarwal, S. C., and Raj, K. Antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agent from Aegle marmelos. Bioorg.Med Chem Lett 12-15-2006; View abstract.

Narendhirakannan, R. T., Subramanian, S., and Kandaswamy, M. Biochemical evaluation of antidiabetogenic properties of some commonly used Indian plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006;33(12):1150-1157. View abstract.

Panda, S. and Kar, A. Evaluation of the antithyroid, antioxidative and antihyperglycemic activity of scopoletin from Aegle marmelos leaves in hyperthyroid rats. Phytother Res 2006;20(12):1103-1105. View abstract.

Rajadurai, M. and Prince, P. S. Comparative effects of Aegle marmelos extract and alpha-tocopherol on serum lipids, lipid peroxides and cardiac enzyme levels in rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Singapore Med J 2005;46(2):78-81. View abstract.

Rana BK, Singh UP, Taneja V. Antifungal activity and kinetics of inhibition by essential oil isolated from leaves of Aegle marmelos. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;57:29-34. View abstract.

Rao, C. V., Kartik, A. R., Irfan, A., Rawat, A. K. S., and Pushpangadan, P. Protective effect of Aegle marmelos fruit in gastrointestinal dysfunction in rats. Pharmaceutical biology 2003;558-563.

Sabu, M. C. and Kuttan, R. Antidiabetic activity of Aegle marmelos and its relationship with its antioxidant properties. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2004;48(1):81-88. View abstract.

Sharma, B. R. and Sharma, P. Constituents of Aegle marmelos. Part 2. Alkaloids and coumarin from fruits. Planta Medica 1981;43:102-103.

Shoba, F. G. and Thomas, M. Study of antidiarrhoeal activity of four medicinal plants in castor-oil induced diarrhoea. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;76(1):73-76. View abstract.

Veerappan, A., Miyazaki, S., Kadarkaraisamy, M., and Ranganathan, D. Acute and subacute toxicity studies of Aegle marmelos Corr., an Indian medicinal plant. Phytomedicine 2-19-2007;14(2-3):209-215. View abstract.

Williamson EM, Evans FJ, eds. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Essex, England: CW Daniel Company Ltd., 1998.